A

• Allah: Allah is essentially the Arabic word for "God" and is used by Muslims and non-Muslims around the world. While Allah is commonly referred to as a He (always capitalized), in truth, the pronoun "He" in Arabic is not limited to the masculine gender. It can also encompass other genders and is used when gender is unknown/undescribed. Since Allah is neither female or male, the pronoun He in Arabic is a proper descriptor.
• Arabic: Arabic is a Semitic language spoken today by a wide region of southwestern Asia and northern Africa. The Quran, Muslims' holy book, was revealed in Arabic to Arabic-speaking people. Muslims also use Arabic in their greetings and prayers.
• Astaghfirullah: Arabic term which translates to "I seek forgiveness in Allah." To say this is to turn to Allah (God) and sincerely ask for forgiveness. In everyday situations, it is normal to hear "Astaghfirullah" when something wrong or shameful is considered to occur.

B

• Bismillah: Arabic term which translates to "in the name of Allah". This term is an incomplete phrase in Arabic as it is meant to precede any action of importance. For example, Muslims are recommended to say bismillah before eating.

C

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D

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E

• Eid ul-Adha: "Festival of Sacrifice": The second of two official holidays in Islam. Occurs on the 10th day of Dhul Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Commemorates Adam's devotion to God.
• Eid ul-Fitr: "Festival of Breaking Fast": The first of the two official holidays in Islam which marks the end of the holy month of Ramadan.
• Evil eye: Also known as Al-Ayn. When misfortune befalls someone due to another person's jealousy or envy. The affected p erson can be inflicted intentionally or unintentionally. The affliction can manifest as sickness, losing hair, general bad luck, etc. Muslims turn to God to protect them and their loved ones from committing or experiencing it.

F

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G

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H

• Hadith: In Arabic, the word "hadith" means "report" or "story". In Islam, hadith or ahadeeth refers to the actions, sayings, and habits of the Prophet Muhammad Peace Be Upon Him. Such records are thoroughly checked by scholars and followed by millions of Muslims worldwide.
• Hajj: Hajj is one of the five pillars in Islam and is a pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca. All Muslims are required to do it at least once in their lives, if they are able (i.e. in good health, have enough money, are able to travel, etc). If unable, there are no repercussions.
• Hijab: Often refers to how some Muslim women wear a cloth wrapped around their head and neck with the face visible. In Islam, it's meaning is extended to dressing and acting modestly, applying to both biological sexes.
• Hijabophobia: Discrimination against Muslim women who wear hijab.
• Hijri Year: The Hijri year is calculated based on the Islamic lunar calendar and starts on the date of the Prophet Muhammad's monumental migration from Makkah to Madinah. Hijri means migration in Arabic.

I

• Insha allah: Arabic term meaning "God willing" or "If God wills". When said it expresses the speaker's wish for something to occur in the future while acknowledging that only God knows if it can happen.
• Islam: Monotheistic religion followed by billions worldwide. Its followers are known as Muslims. It is also one of the youngest world religions. Islam has five pillars: Bearing witness in God and his messenger, praying five times a day, paying charity every year, fasting in Ramadan, and doing Hajj if one is able.
• Islamic Lunar Calendar: also known as the Hijri Calendar and Muslim calendar. Based on the phases of the moon and consists of 12 months, adding up to 354-355 days a year. Used to map out Islamic holidays and rituals.
• Islamophobia: Fear, aversion, or discrimination against Muslims.

J

• Jihad: Often misunderstood as Holy War. In Islam, Jihad actually refers to struggling in the way of God. This includes striving for the benefit of the community and for personal betterment. Keeping your temper or working to set up a charity counts as Jihad.

K

• Kaaba: The Kaaba is regarded as the House of God and is the holiest shrine in Islam, said to have been built by Abraham. Located in Mecca within Masjid al-Haram (one of the most sacred mosques in Islam), the cube shaped building is a site of holy pilgrimage year round. When praying, Muslims face the direction of the Kaaba, not to worship it, but to honor their god.

L

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M

• Masha allah: The Muslim equivalent of "Wow!", masha allah (also spelled mashallah) is an Arabic phrase which roughly translates to "God has willed it." This phrase is used to show joy and praise, while also respecting the God who willed what you are praising to happen. Saying mashallah is also regarded as protection against jealousy and envy.
• Muslim: A Muslim is someone who is a follower of Islam. In Arabic, the word Muslim means "one who submits." In the case of Islam, a Muslim submits to Allah (God).

N

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Q

• Quran: A Muslim is someone who is a follower of Islam. In Arabic, the word Muslim means "one who submits." In the case of Islam, a Muslim submits to Allah (God).

R

• Ramadan: Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic lunar calendar and one of the holiest months in Islam. During this month, Muslims around the world fast from dawn to sunset. After Ramadan, comes the first Eid of the year: Eid ul-Fitr.

S

• Shariah: Shariah or sharia law is comprised of laws based on the Quran and Hadith.
• Subhanallah: An expression generally used to convey relief, gratitude, or praise. An Arabic phrase roughly meaning "Glory be to God."
• Sunnah: The sunnah is the ways of the Prophet Muhammad Peace Be Upon Him serving as a model for Muslims to know how to act. It includes how the Prophet acted, what he said, and what he approved of. The sunnah is determined through the countless hadith (records) on the Prophet.

T

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U

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V

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W

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X

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Y

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Z

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